Adolescents Motivation Toward the Environment Assignment

Young people Motivation Toward the Environment - Assignment Example Teenagers face lesser command over condition practices than scholarly practices. The current investigation proposes three theories: first, expanded ecological inspiration clubbed with visit natural mentalities, second, it is more noteworthy in a situation than scholarly, third, it is more in more seasoned than more youthful understudies. Every one of these investigations were tried thinking about sex; nonetheless, the examination has not inspected sex contrasts in more seasoned students’ inspiration toward the earth. In this examination, an aggregate of 200 understudies split into 5 age bunches were picked for the investigation. Out of these 200, an area of 74 has just taken part in a comparable report a year back. The investigation found that teenagers revealed a higher self-sufficiency in their condition than scholarly practices and self-ruling natural inspiration was higher in more established than more youthful understudies. The investigation has certain confinements as all the examples were from a rural, French-talking working class white understudy. The example was in little scope to be correctly it is just 126 understudies. The discoveries state that the young have better ecological conduct yet expanding distance from school. The examination paper unmistakably expresses that there is a need to consider whether the young people are roused to embrace ecological practices and says that self-assurance hypothesis (SDT) set forward the way that individuals occupied with natural related practices have created self-governing inspiration towards those practices. The current examination presents three theories like expanded natural inspiration connects with visit ecological practices, it is more noteworthy in ecological than instruction and self-governing ecological is higher in teenagers than in more youthful understudies. In spite of the fact that these speculations were tried thinking about the sexual orientation, no investigation was directed on sex contrasts in youths inspiration through the earth. Prior looks into in this field have been referenced, however excluded from the examination

The Car free essay sample

The handicap might be physical or mental. How does this add to their job in the novel? The weakness might be emblematic moreover. Paper (worth 20 focuses): After perusing the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, talk about the different disabilities that plague the characters in the play. How do these disabilities impact the jobs of the characters in the novel? This ought to be in section one. The rest of the sections should concentrate on the characters in the play (one for each passage), and how their hindrance impacts their job in the novel. What are the conditions/challenges every individual faces, how this effects the plot, and so forth. Ultimately, in the end, examine what you enjoyed about the play, and what you didn't care for. Last Response to Literary Text draft ought to incorporate proof of the accompanying: Focus: portrayal: how has the writer’s improvement of characters assisted with clarifying the criticalness of the topic? Language: symbolism, look into consideration, and word decision: how the writer’s utilization of these components accomplishes impacts in the creation. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Car or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Structure: how the author makes a powerful lead, proposition sentence, and reflection inside the article. Arrangement: passage one †presentation/conversation of the hindrance/handicap, and so on ; section two first character you select; section three second character; section four †last character(s); section five what you loved and discovered upsetting. Last Note to Students: ALL articles will be checked for web copyright infringement. ANY proof of material taken from a site or book that isn't refered to will bring about a programmed disappointment. The paper ought to be YOUR OWN work, not crafted by another person.

9 Questions to Ask Someone With Social Anxiety Disorder

9 Questions to Ask Someone With Social Anxiety Disorder Entering a conversation with someone who is shy or who has a social anxiety disorder (SAD) requires a bit more effort on your part. People with SAD experience anxiety in both one-on-one and group situations and often need time to get comfortable before conversing. There are a number of steps that you can take to encourage someone with SAD to talk more and participate in the conversation. Tell stories and share things about yourself before asking too much of the person with SAD. Many people who are shy or socially anxious may enjoy listening to others more than talking about themselves, since they often fear being humiliated and judged.??When you do start to ask questions of the person who has SAD, be sure to ask open-ended conversation starters such as What did you think of the Oscars last night? Stay away from a series of questions requiring yes/no answers as the other person could start to feel as though it were an interrogation.When you ask questions, be sure to give the other person ample time to respond before jumping in with more comments. People who are shy or socially anxious may need more time to formulate their answers to questions since they often have a fear of speaking up.  ??Compliment the other person on some aspect of the conversation. For example, say I really liked your perspective on stay-at-home parents. Providing positive feedback and letting the other person know that you are engaged and interested in the conversation will go a long way toward encouraging further sharing.If you know the person with SAD has a keen interest in a particular area, ask questions about that topic. You may find that once the person begins to talk about something familiar and engaging, the conversation flows more freely.Be careful not to invade the personal space of the other person and avoid adopting an in-your-face type of conversation style. Match your body language and the way that you talk to the other person to make them feel more comfortable.??Do not ask overly personal questions of the person with SAD unless you know them well, since they may struggle with self-expression and have a fear of intimacy. Save those types of questions for more intimate conversations that take place after the getting-to-know-you stage.Dont interrupt the person with SAD when she is talking. It takes courage and effort for them to open up and interruptions will in terfere with their train of thought and could trigger feelings of anxiety.When leaving the conversation, indicate that you enjoyed speaking with the other person. If appropriate, extend an invitation to get together for an activity. Most shy or socially anxious people are more relaxed while engaged in a mutual task than when participating in small talk. Social Anxiety and Conversation Research Findings In 2016, a study published in the Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry found that socially anxious participants contributed less during a conversation than non-anxious peers, which led to them being less well-liked.?? In another study published that same year in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, individuals with SAD were found more likely to avoid eye contact during conversation. The results indicated that avoidance of eye contact was a distinct trait of social anxiety.?? If youre talking to someone with SAD and not only do they fail to look you in the eye but they seem uninterested in what you are saying, what are you likely to conclude? A. That person is distracted and not paying attention to you. B. That person might even have something to hide. If the person you are speaking with has SAD, both answers may be partially true. However it is their social anxiety that is distracting them, and what they are trying to hide is likely their fear of being embarrassed or rejected, the fear that you will notice their hands shaking, or any number of fears related to this disorder. So try to remember to be patient and avoid any snap judgments. The person with SAD is  interested in what you are saying and often wants to know more.   Ways to Be a Friend to Someone With SAD

My Child Is A Child Essay - 1389 Words

My child is a fourteen-year-old girl, who is currently in ninth grade. She is about 5’ 2† and she weighs about 105 pounds. She is healthy and has no known medical issues at the moment. She has a high level of cognitive development compared to others her age; however, she has been having trouble with her academic achievements; her report card showed a drop in grades. She is also not confident in her physical abilities and strengths and it is not involved in any sports. She has attempted several times to be a part of a clique, but was rejected and bullied because she was unable to fit in. Nonetheless, she is not a social individual and during her free time prefers to be by herself reading a book. She also has a lower socially developed level compare to the other teenagers. She is often picked on as well because of her clothing she wears and how smart she is. These horrible acts of bullying have made her feel worthless and at times made her have periodic emotional changes. Being a victim of bullying can make an individual lose all their confidence in themselves. Her trying to be part of a clique and being excluded for her appearance, behavior, knowledge has impacted her self worth. Henceforth, when she interacts with her peers, she comes across as socially awkward due to the lack of confidence and low self-esteem. Even her teacher at times criticizes her because she is really smart but prefers not to answer correctly when asked questions during the class lectures. Therefore,Show MoreRelatedMy Life As A Child1074 Words   |  5 PagesAs a child, I remember growing up in an area of Atlanta, Georgia called Mechanicsville. This area was very diverse with people from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Often, my mother would share valuable life lessons with my siblings and me. One, in particular, I remember even to this day is, â€Å"Life is only as challenging or motivating as you make it†. Originally, I did not quite understand the purpose of this aphorism; but as I got older, the meaning became quite clear. Although life for me hasRead MoreThe Child Of My Brother939 Words   |  4 PagesThe child I decided to observe was my two-year-old little brother. This was a very brief observation of approximately half an hour. It took place in my own house, and when I started to supervise my brother, Frankie, he was just getting home from the daycare. As my mom and stepdad are working during the day, my little brother attends to the daycare. There, he spends about eight hours, daily, playing and interacting with other kids. It becomes very clear that not having that relative companion is kindRead MoreMy Virtual Child1219 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty inches long. I heard her cry; it was like music to my ears. I felt as if I had just won first place in an Olympic race and my trophy was this cute little bundle of joy. Virtual Husband and I named her Dakota. (Manis, 2008.) I decided it would be fun to name my virtual child after my favorite childhood toy, so we named her Dakota, after my teddy bear. Dakota has a virtual sister whose name is Rose. Her name was decided because a rose is my favorite flower. Although the girls are three years apartRead MoreMy Pastime As A Child1375 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction My pastime as a child was daydreaming of the countless careers I could achieve. The imaginary future, I formulated for myself, included becoming an actress, lawyer, or a housewife with lots of children. I never became any of those things except for the part of motherhood, which is the greatest lifetime achievement of all. The profession I did choose was a modest one. I became a travel agent who for over twenty years assisted a countless number of people in making unforgettable memoriesRead MoreMy Life As A Child867 Words   |  4 PagesMy family was never the one that went to church every Sunday, or prayed before meals, or prayed together at all. In fact, we still don’t do those things. However, what has changed from then is that we are all spiritually connected with God to a greater extent because of each of us developed our own faith over time. Growing up, my Mom taught us who God was and the tremendous amount of love he has for us and that we are all His children created i n His image, but that was, for the most part, the extentRead MoreMy Life Of A Child1567 Words   |  7 PagesA child imitates its parents while it grows up, thus making them copy or imprint their actions, becoming child’s point of reference as it matures. I being no exception did the same. I looked up to my parents especially my mother, a high school teacher for Chemistry having a strong background in biology as my point of reference. She became my educational pillar and the ember of interest for science kindled right from my childhood days. This ember of interest turned into flames when I entered my highRead MoreMy Experience With A Child1497 Words   |  6 Pagesout every day and live up to that†-(Michael Jordan). This quote perfectly describes my mentality as a child and currently as a young adult. As a child, I was curious and determined as my family recalls. My mother never lets me forget the number of times she had to free my fingers from the holes of shopping c arts because I was curious if they would fit. As I got older and a bit more independent, I remember going into my kitchen cabinets and grabbing several different ingredients, namely flour, oil, andRead MoreRaising My Virtual Child : Raising A Child1822 Words   |  8 Pages Raising My Virtual Child – Smarika Amrit Raj Subedi PSYC 2314 North Lake College â€Æ' Raising My Virtual Child – Smarika Raising a Virtual Child had been a great experience for me. This assignment made me better understand why adolescents are the way they are. I had my own expectation before the onset of this project, how my virtual child was going to be at age of 18? I was expecting that my child would be a successful and obedient one. She would be nice and polite, follow rules and will beRead MoreThe Child Of My Grandchildren2280 Words   |  10 Pagessky. I lift up to look at my cousins smiling and laughing. It feels good to be here, away from the drunk people. Drunken Adults Grandma had to go out of town to visit her sister because she’s sick. So that leaves me stuck at home with my idiotic mother, her drunken boyfriend, and my hyper siblings. I am the middle child of my five siblings. I have an older sister Becky who is 19, an older brother Rico who is 17, then there s me 14, my younger brother Matt who is 8, and my younger sister, Kyra, whoRead MoreThe Issue Of A Child s Life On My Intersex Child2112 Words   |  9 Pagesintersex baby , the doctors practically decide for the child what sex they want the baby to be. Doctors will make up lies and tell the parents that it is necessary for to have surgery because of the baby’s health but that’s a huge fallacy. If given the opportunity to choose the gender on my intersex child, I would oppose toward the surgery of modifying his or her sex. I may not be conforming with the social norm, but I also strongly believe that my child should make the choice of what gender they want to

Genetic Engineering And Its Effects - 974 Words

Many people believe in a process called genetic engineering. What is this you ask? Genetic engineering is altering a person’s genes to get a more dominate trait. Some people believe that our world would better off if humans could be more intelligent, run faster, grow taller, and have more of a designer personality and physical appearance. For example, if a pregnant mother finds out her child is going to have Down Syndrome, genetic engineering canbe used to help fix the mutated gene. Although genetic engineering can fix minor problems, it can also cause major ones. If people start genetically altering characteristics and traits over time, we would all begin to look and act the same; leaving the world to fall into a utopic society. Genetic engineering all started with food. For example, a farmer would want his crops to thrive by making them grow larger. This is done by adding genic modifications to the crops. Early studies of genetic engineering can be traced back to the 1800â €™sand 1900’s. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the origin of species which gives information of the knowledge of breeding during that time. Gregor Mendel released his discoveries on peas which became the foundation of modern genetics. T.H.Morgan demonstrated that chromosomes are the concrete entities which are to be held by the genes. These are just a background of knowledge on how genetic engineering has started. The scientific breakdown of genetic engineering first started with a molecule thatShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering And Its Effects1592 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. Genetic engineering can also prevent long-time diseases from continuing in a family and help treat many illnesses. Though it can help many issues, it brings up many problems if used improperly and often abused. Genetic engineering harbors more moral and ethical issues than having beneficial effects; however, the positive uses in specific situat ions should be acknowledged. Genetic history has been around for over a century now and began whenRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects On Cancer Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pageshold the key to killing cancer. The ability for a virus to infect cancer cells has been documented as early as the 1900s. Recently scientists have been able to manipulate the genetic structure of viruses so we can use them to treat cancer safely. This recent breakthrough is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a new technology that allows scientists to reprogram viruses to infect and destroy cancer cells. Genetically modified viruses prove to be advantageous in treating cancer andRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering is a way in which specific genes for an animal or plant can be extracted, and reproduced to form a new animal or plant. These new organisms will express the required trait for that gene. This practice is a very controversial topi c within the scientific world. It is being implemented in various areas such as agriculture even though there are many alternatives that can be found for genetic engineered crops, such as organic materials and reducing leeching of the soil. The controversyRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Agribiotechnology is the study of making altered agricultural products. Agribusiness is trying to alter the genes of already existing products to try to enhance the biocompetitiveness and adaptability of crops by enhancing plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. They are going to try to enhance their growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition. The old way of doing this was through selectiveRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effect On The Good And The Bad2445 Words   |  10 Pagescharacteristics of genetic engineering have substantial behavior towards the good and the bad† (Powell 13). Although we do not recognize the true meaning of this quote at first glance, these words actually posses the key to mankind. Even though genetic engineering supports an exciting opportunity for the humanity, many red flags have been raised related to problems with safety, the availability, and most of all the epidemic itself. It has been portra yed throughout the years that genetic engineering not onlyRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effect On Human Health1996 Words   |  8 Pagesmodified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the goal is to introduce a new trait to the plant, which does not occur naturally in the species, for examples in crops and food. Since 1960, there are many introducing genetic engineering in crops production as it can bring a lot of benefits e.g. increasing food production, it is also environmental friendly and it gives high quality production. However, there are also many negative issues related to in genetic engineering such as it canRead MoreCauses and Effects of Genetic Engineering of Animals and Plants675 Words   |  3 Pagescould quite possibly be genetic engineering. Years of crossbreeding various breeds of farm animals have led to many new breeds bearing traits that they would not have otherwise. Researchers have even developed techniques that make it possible to directl y alter the genes of different crops. There are causes and effects of genetic engineering in animals and plants. With the population of Earth growing at a constant rate, food is becoming more and more scarce. While the effects of this are not as pronouncedRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects On The Human Of The Alien Dna848 Words   |  4 Pagesown, usually from another organism, causing it to both inherit and express the genes of the alien DNA (Weedman, 2015). Transgenic transformation is used for a number of commercial purposes, from food crops to transgenic animals, the rise in genetic engineering has opened up a multitude of doors in the agricultural, as well as health and medical fields. Even the current epidemic with antibiotic resistant bacteria is due in part of this process (Weedman, 2015; Wheeler, Farrand, Widholm, 1991). InRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Engineering On The Intelligence Of Humans With Adhd1806 Words   |  8 PagesGattaca, genetic engineering is a familiar theme. Genetic engineering is â€Å"changing the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved organisms (â€Å"Genetic Engineering†). In the article, â€Å"Can You Make Yourself Smarter?† Dan Hurly explores the process of improving the intelligence of humans with ADHD. If it is possible for one to become smarter through N-back tests, what are the possibilities with genetic engineering (Hurly)? Genetic engineeringRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Our Environment And Economy1511 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past one hundred years or so, scientists have started experimenting with the genetic material of the fruits, vegetables and other such organisms that humans eat. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made when, genes from one organism are moved into another to improve or change the characteristics of that organism. The issue on whether farmers and scientists should further experiment with the genetic modification of organisms is a worldwide discussion. Although there are claims that

Bilateral Trade Between Eu and Western Balkan Free Essays

The paper focuses on the bilateral trade between Western Balkans countries and the EU and enfaces on agreements, regularity of the trade, scope and analysis of the trade flow. It also explains which are the Western Balkans countries, economical characteristics, contractual connection with the EU. It is consisted of three parts. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilateral Trade Between Eu and Western Balkan or any similar topic only for you Order Now In first part is explained the definition of the Western Balkan countries, out bilateral trade exchange between the EU and Western Balkans as a common region. Second part analyses agreements between the EU and Western Balkans countries regarding trade and EU perspective.Finally, third part focuses on the key indicators and trade balance of each country of the region with the EU. 2. WESTERN BALKANS IN GENERAL Western Balkans is a region in Europe which includes Albania and states of Former Yugoslavia without Slovenia. Those countries are Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo (as defined as UNMIK 1244), Republic of Macedonia and Albania. The surface of this region is approximately 265. 000 square kilometers and total population within is 24 million inhabitants.Historical background of those states is that all of them had socialistically government. Albania was self-isolated state and under iron curtain after Second World War. It was also a member of Warsaw pact until Sino-Soviet split (worsening relations between Soviet Union and PR China). On the other hand, Yugoslavia had unique socialist model in the world called â€Å"self-management†, which had limited openness to the western countries. All countries had turnout to capitalist system in the nineties, with high inflation, high rate of corruption, suffering economies and higher unemployment rate.After wars in Yugoslavia were established five new countries: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Macedonia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Republic of Macedonia had a name dispute of Greece (which is part of European Union) and has provisional name of FYROM in official EU documents. FR Yugoslavia was transformed in 2003 into State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegro left this union in 2006 and Republic of Serbia became formal successor of the State Union. Kosovo declared unilaterally independence in 2008, and the EU officially sees it as a separate economic region.Candidate statuses for accession in the EU have Croatia and Republic of Macedonia, while other countries are considered as potential candidates. All those countries are members of CEFTA. 3. ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN GENERAL According to International Monetary Fund rapport of 2008, GDP per capita in those states is varying between 1. 167,00â‚ ¬ in Kosovo UNMIK and 10. 375,00â‚ ¬ in Croatia. Highest level is below EU 15, but higher than in Romania and Bulgaria. Analyses show that this region has need for further economic and social cohesion with the EU.In 2003 it was predicted that the EU enlargement towards Western Balkans countries would not be significant, in terms of economic scale, as the nominal GDP and the GDP per capita are at relatively low levels. (World Bank (World Development Indicators)) The region has made strong progress, outpacing Central Europe in economic growth with an average GDP increase of more than 5% in 2005. The markedly strong economic development is expected to continue in the next several years. Inflation has largely been kept under control, and is expected to decline further in the immediate future.The region’s improving risk profile and economic outlook are also validated by the international credit ratings. As unemployment is still high, sustainable economic growth and job creation are the major challenges the region faces. 4. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN EU AND THE WESTERN BALKANS 4. 1 AGREEMENTS OF BILATERAL TRADE BEFORE STABILIZATION AND ASSOCIATION PROCESS Before the start of the stabilization and association process, and subsequent sign of stabilization and association agreements between the EU on one side and the Western Balkan states on the other, each country had separate agreements with EU, regarding the trade preferences.Albania has been benefiting from European Union’s General System of Preferences. Trade with Macedonia was governed by a cooperation agreement with the European Union concluded in 1998. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were authorized to trade preferences under the first generation of Autonomous Trade Preferences introduced in 1997, which have been briefly applied to Serbia and Montenegro before they were revoked. (Council Regulation (EC) No 70/1997, amended by Regulations 2636/97 (for1998) and 2863/98 (for 1999), and Council Regulation (EC) 6/2000 (January-October 2000)) . 2 SAA – STABILISATION AND ASSOCIATION PROCESSES WITH THE COUNTRIES OF WB This process started by defining its main criteria by the General Affairs Council in April 1997. Two years later, in May 1999, the European Commission published a communication for the establishment of the stabilization and association process. Countries involved, precisely the Western Balkan countries, should meet the minimum standards as defined in order to start the stabilization and association agreement negotiations.Some of these criteria are: create real opportunities for displaced people and refugees to return to their places of origin, readmission of illegal immigrants, compliance with international peace agreements, rule of law, democracy and compliance with human and minority rights, free and fair elections, absence of discriminatory treatment, implementation of first economic reform steps (privatization, abolition of price controls), proven readiness to engage in good neighborly relations.Five countries that participate in the Stabilization and Association Process are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. There are a lot of similarities among these five countries, but the main one is their mutual goal for EU membership. On the other hand, there are a lot of differences between them, in the pace of economic reforms and the possible timeframe for EU accession. The Stabilization and Association Process is the main current framework policy of the European Union for the Western Balkans.This Process has three major parts, one is the Stabilization and Association Agreements, second is the Autonomous Trade Measures and the last is the financial assistance (CARDS). (Report from the Commission Second Annual Report – Annex 1, COM (2003) 139 final) 4. 2. 1 STABILISATION AND ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS Stabilization and association agreements (SAAs) are the main contractual form between the EU and each Western Balkan country. Stabilization and Association Agreements were preceded by the stabilization and association rocess. The SAAs agreements have very similar characteristics with the Europe Agreements even though with some distinctions. The SAA provides step by step establishment of free trade area with the EU, gradual alignment to EU legislation in a number of areas with an emphasis to the internal market rules; conclusion of bilateral agreements (mainly in the internal market areas) with neighboring countries and cooperation with the EU on issues such as justice, visa, border control, illegal immigration and others.Interim Agreements are signed simultaneously with the SAAs. They cover the trade-related parts of the SAAs and enter into force much faster, as they do not need to be ratified by the EU Member States. (Commission staff working paper SEC 128 final) * The SAA agreements with Croatia and Republic of Macedonia have been in force since April 2004 and February 2005 respectively * Albania has signed the agreement on 15. 10. 2007 and it is still under ratification * Montenegro signedthe SAA on 1 5. 10. 2007, it is under ratification.The Interim Agreement entered into force on 1. 1. 2008 * Serbia has signed the SAA on 29. 04. 2008. The Council of April 2008 decided that the ratification procedure will be launched and implementation of the Interim Agreement will start as soon as the Council decides that Serbia is fully cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) * Bosnia and Herzegovina has signed the SAA on 16. 6. 2008. The Interim Agreement entered into force on 01. 07. 2008 4. 2. 2 ATM – AUTONOMOUS TRADE PREFERENCESBy Regulation (EC) No 2007/2000 of 18 September 2000 which had revised Regulation (EC) No 2820/98, and repealed the Regulations (EC) No 1763/1999 and (EC) No 6/2000, the European Communities have allowed unique unlimited duty-free entrance to the EU market for nearly all products originating in the countries and territories benefiting from the Stabilization and Association Process. The Lisbon European Council of March 2000 specified that Stabilization and Association Agreements with Western Balkan countries, which include the establishment of Free Trade Areas â€Å"should be preceded by asymmetrical trade liberalization†.As part of the Stabilization and Association process the Council of Ministers adopted the Council Regulation 2007/2000, and then amended by Council Regulation (EC) 2563/2000, to increase the existing autonomous trade preferences, and provide autonomous trade liberalization for 95% of all their exports to EU. In the a greement of the Stabilization and Association Process, the granting of these exceptional trade preferences is subject to certain conditions.Namely, respect of the beneficiary countries and territories of fundamental principles of democracy and human rights, the readiness of the countries concerned to develop mutual economic relations and to engage in economic reforms and regional integration through trade. Privilege to the exceptional trade preferences is conditional on the recipient’s involvement in effective administrative cooperation with the Community in order to prevent any risk or deception. The preferences include:All products originating from the countries and territories concerned can be imported into the EU, duty and quota free. The only exceptions apply to the following: 1. Wine and certain fisheries products are subject to preferential tariff quotas 2. Sugar is subject to preferential tariff quotas (except for Croatia where this is currently being negotiated) 3. â€Å"Baby beef† only the specific import duty is eliminated– ad valorem duties of 20 % continue to apply 4. Quotas apply on imports of textile products originating in the customs territories of Montenegro and KosovoThe European Commission has adopted a proposal for a Council Regulation to extend until 2010 the autonomous trade preferences which the EU gives to the Western Balkans. The Council Regulation has been adopted without debate at the November 14-15 2005 Education, Youth and Culture Council in Brussels. Along with certain technical updates, the Regulation extends for another 5 years the autonomous trade preferences. For the five years in force, these trade preferences have been a key instrument for the revitalization of the Western Balkan economies by providing privileged access to the EU market.More stable economic development promotes political stability in the entire region. The preferences, which were originally adopted in 2000 for a period until the end of 2005, have contributed to an increase in the Western Balkans’ exports to the EU, thus meeting their goal so far. Indeed, between 2000 and 2004, imports from these countries into the EU have increased by approximately 8 % per annum. The greatest change compared to previous system established in 2000 was the almost complete liberalization of imports of agricultural products and the abolition of quotas for sensitive industrial products. Consul Regulation CONSLEG: 2000R2007 — 01/01/2003 and Integration of the Western Balkans in the Internal Market (Regional Research Paper under the Specific Grant Agreement RELEX I-2 190202 REG 4-14)) 4. 3 DIAGONAL CUMMULATION OF RULES OF ORIGIN Diagonal cummulation of rules of origin is a system that facilitates regional trade integration. It enables a country to process and export a product under preferential trade treatment to the EU by using materials originating in other countries of the region which can be considered as their own materials. First stage: EU/Western Balkans cummulation: Bilateral EU/Western Balkans cummulation, including Turkey for the products covered by the Customs Union, is now in force for Montenegro (as of 1. 1. 2008), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1. 7. 2008) and Macedonia (8. 11. 2008). It has also been agreed for Albania (19. 11. 2008) and Serbia (29. 4. 2008). Croatia has opted not to participate in the scheme. Second stage: inclusion of the Western Balkans in the Pan-Euro-Med scheme: * In 2007, the Euro-Mediterranean Trade Ministers endorsed the extension of the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean diagonal cummulation scheme to include the Western Balkan countries, as proposed by the Commission.They gave the Pan-Euro-Med working group a mandate to prepare technical amendments to the appropriate origin protocols. A preliminary draft proposal for such an extension was presented at the meeting of the Pan-Euro-Med working group in November 2007, to which the Western Balkan countries were invited as observers. The working group reached a consensus on the substance of the amendments. However, the Commission is looking for a way to take into account the impact of the specific problem with sugar and high-sugar-content products, which are currently excluded from the diagonal cummulation with the Western Balkans. Customs Information Paper (09)69) 4. 4 CEFTA 2006 (CENTRAL EUROPEAN FREE TRADE AREA) A new Central European Free Trade Agreement was signed in Brussels on 19. 12. 2006, clearly welcomed by the EU. The new CEFTA consolidates 32 bilateral free trade agreements in the Southern European Region into a single Regional Trade Agreement. Although the EU is not a party to this new Agreement, the European Commission has provided continuous political, technical and financial support, at every stage of the trade liberalization process in South Eastern Europe.The agreement creates a regional free trade area, based on the existing bilateral agreements which liberalize more than 90% of trade and almost all trade in industrial goods. The agreement consolidates and modernizes the region’s trade regulations and includes modern trade provisions on issues such as competition, government procurement and protection of intellectual property. It will provide convergence of relevant trade-related rules, notably with regard to industrial and sanitary-fit sanitary rules. The result is a simplified single system of rules that will make it easier to trade within the region.CEFTA will make the region more attractive as a consolidated market for foreign investment. CEFTA will, also, assist those that are not yet part of the WTO to prepare for membership – because the two processes are rooted in the same goals and rules of progressive liberalization and open trade. (Commission Staff Working Paper – EU regionally relevant activities in the Western Balkans 2008/09) 5. TRADE BALANCE BETWEEN WESTERN BALKANS AND THE EU In this analysis we will focus on bilateral trade of the EU and Western Balkans as a region. According to the Eurostat, Western Balkans has imports from the EU of 32. billion â‚ ¬ and exports towards the EU of 13. 9billion â‚ ¬. That makes negative trade balance of Western Balkans as region. If we compare date of previous three years, we may conclude that the imports, in general, rose at significantly bigger amount than the exports. The current trend is growth of deficit by approximately 2. 3% annually towards EU and 0. 4% to the world. Measured in relative amounts, exports maintained at same level of 0. 9% to the EU and 0. 2% to the world. (EuroStat, Statistical Regime 4) Figure 1. Trade in goods (EU27 with WB) Source: EuroStat, Statistical Regime 4However, in the further analyse may be concluded that the share of trade with present EU27 countries has fallen. In 2004 the EU27 share of total imports was 73%, while in 2008 it was 66. 3%. Also, the share of exports to EU27 has fallen from 70. 5% in 2004 to 66. 4% in 2005, and after that has risen staidly. That shows that the exports to ten newly joined EU states got complicated due to new trade barriers. It was expected that through substainable trade concesions approved by ATM and SAA, a positive trends in respect to the trade and current account balances should be expected.However, table 1 shows that trade balance deficits are even increasing through the period 2006-2008, from -9,262 to -12,643. (IMF (DoTS)) Table 1. WB trade with EU27 millions of euro, % Period| Imports| EU Share of total Imports (%)| Exports| EU Share of total Exports (%)| Balance| Trade| |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2004| 19,995| 73. 0| 7,877| 70. 5| -12,118 | 27,873| 2005| 19,196| 67. 9| 8,170| 66. 4| -11,025 | 27,366| 2006| 17,839| 66. 5| 8,577| 68. 9| -9,262 | 26,416| 2007| 19,635| 65. 5| 9,379| 67. 2| -10,256 | 29,015| 2008| 22,471| 66. | 9,827| 69. 8| -12,643 | 32,298| 2008Q1| 5,121| 65. 7| 2,371| 71. 8| -2,750 | 7,492| 2008Q2| 6,036| 67. 4| 2,529| 69. 8| -3,507 | 8,566| 2008Q3| 5,799| 64. 9| 2,605| 67. 6| -3,193 | 8,404| 2008Q4| 5,515| 67. 2| 2,322| 70. 2| -3,193 | 7,837| Source: IMF (DoTS) Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material are taking the biggest share of Western Balkans export to the EU with 4. 12million â‚ ¬ or 29. 6% (SITC 6), miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC 8) have export value of 3million â‚ ¬ or 21. 6% and machinery and transport equipment have share of 19. 4% (SITC 7).Although there are some differences between Western Balkan countries, the common specificity is that exports from WB are mainly non sophisticated basic products, with high level of competition, low level of price and low level of revenues, lack of resources for marketing and advertising. On contrary, machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods classified chiefly by material and chemicals and related products with 35. 0%, 21. 1% and 12. 6% respectively, are dominant or the import side. Western Balkans mostly purchases sophisticated products and products with high quality and value. The main alternative is FDI, but as we will see further on, the level of FDI seems not to be sufficient to cover the need for new technologies, new know-how and managerial skills in WB. Structure of trade like this one, is the main reason for trade balance deficits. (Integration of the WB in the Internal Market) | | | | | | | | | | | Figure 2. EU27 imports from WB, by product grouping Source: EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4) Figure 3. EU27 exports to WB, product grouping Source: EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4)It is evident that Western Balkan countries are dependable and inferior to EU27 as its major import and export partner. In each product group, trade balance is positive for EU27, except for clothing with 587millions â‚ ¬ and iron and steel with 159millions â‚ ¬. Figure 4. EU27 trade with WB Source: EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4) Foreign direct investments into the region were 3. 4billion â‚ ¬ in 2005. Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro registered increasing inflows; the other countries booked slight declines compared to 2004. The cumulative FDI inflow in the region is near 15billion â‚ ¬ for five year period of 2001-2005.As the countries of the region rarely invest abroad, net FDI inflows also play a key role in financing foreign trade imbalances that stem from ongoing structural reforms and significant investment demand in the transition to free markets. (http://www. iiwb. org/level2/level2index. cfm? cid=1401;amp;pid=1401) 6. EU TRADE BY COUNTRY 6. 1 MACEDONIA When it comes to Macedonia, a country with a population of 2. 1millions of inhabitants, main economic indicators show that there is current GDP of 6. 5billions of â‚ ¬, GDP per capita of 3,166. 0â‚ ¬ and real GDP growth of 5. 0%. The rate of inflation is 8. 3% and current account balance is -13. % of GDP. (World Bank (WDI), IMF (WEO), DG Trade) GDP by sector is consisted from 57. 7% of services, 29. 3% of industry and 13. 0% of agriculture. (World Bank (World Development Indicator)) 6. 1. 1 Trade in goods between Macedonia and EU27 As figure 1 show, EU27 imports of goods from Macedonia differ, while exports are constantly increasing. EU27 mostly imports textile and clothing and agricultural products, while imports of transport equipment, machinery, chemicals and energy are insignificant. On the export side of goods dominates machinery, textile and clothing, transport equipment, chemicals and agricultural products. EuroStat, Statistical Regime 4) The general problem of Macedonian’s producers is the low level of implementation of EU standards and requirements (considerable in the food staff). That is the main reason why the access to EU market is limited. 6. 1. 2 Foreign Direct Investments in Macedonia According to the State statistical office data, the value of FDI in 2008 is 356. 4 million US$ and compared to the previous year is increased for 25. 6 million US$. (State Statistical Office of RM), from which more that 87% comes from the key source of Macedonia’s FDI, EU. National Bank of the RM, Statistics, FDI) Countries with biggest foreign direct investments in RM in 2008 are: Austria with 125. 1 million US$, Slovenia with 50. 8 million US$, United Kingdom with 30. 8 million US$ and Netherlands with 29. 1 million US$. FDI are dominant in the service sector with more than 55% (telecommunications and financial intermediaries), whereas in the output around 40% (oil refining, textile, food, marble, construction materials, metal production industry). (National Bank of RM, FDI report) The share of total EU27 imports in Macedonia is 0. 1%, while the Macedonian’s share of total EU27 exports is 0. %. Those percentages are held constant over the period 2004-2009. (EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4)) Consisted this way, Macedonia holds the 62nd place as major import partner and 54th place as major export partner to EU27. (EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4)) On contrary, when Macedonian’s trade is in question, EU27 stays considerable the biggest and most important trade partner with total exports of 78. 0% and total imports of 77. 1. (IMF (DoTS)) 6. 2 CROATIA Croatia is a country with population of 4. 4milions of inhabitants, current GDP of 47. 1billions of â‚ ¬, GDP per capita of 10,625. â‚ ¬ and real GDP growth of 2. 4%. The rate of inflation is 6. 1% and current account balance is -9. 4% of GDP. (World Bank (WDI), IMF (WEO), DG Trade) Dominant creator of GDP is the service sector with 60. 9%, followed by industry with 31. 6% and agriculture with 7. 4%. (World Bank (World Development Indicator)) 6. 2. 1 Trade in goods between Croatia and EU27 Bout, imports and exports of goods increase through the years, as can be seen in the figure 2. EU27 merchandise variety of products from Croatia including machinery, agricultural products, chemicals, textile and clothing and transport equipment.Export of goods is consisted mostly of machinery, transport equipment and chemicals. (EuroStat, Statistical Regime 4) Although, in Croatia there was a progress in developing its legislative framework and strengthening its administrative capacity, still, special attention should be paid to the harmonization of food staff and food staff legislation. (www. western-balkans. info) 6. 2. 2 Trade in services between Croatia and EU27 In the area of trade in services, the situation is just slightly changing over the time (imports of services from Croatia in 2005 was 4. 4billions of â‚ ¬, 2006 was 4. billions of â‚ ¬ and 2007 was 4. 9billions of â‚ ¬, while exports of services in Croatia in 2005 was 1. 8billions of â‚ ¬, in 2006 was 2. 2billions of â‚ ¬ and in 2007 was 2. 3billions of â‚ ¬). The share of imports from Croatia in EU27 is only 1. 2% from the total imports, while the export in Croatia takes nearly 0. 5%. (EuroStat, NewCronos) 6. 2. 3 Foreign Direct Investments in Croatia Croatia has the foremost FDI from all the countries in the region with 45% of it. FDI from EU27 are constantly increasing, as it is shown in the figure 2 (8. 2billions â‚ ¬ in 2005, 12. 7billions â‚ ¬ in 2006 to 16. 5billions â‚ ¬ in 2007). EuroStat(NewChronos)) Dominant sectors of FDI are financial intermediaries, telecommunication, pharmaceuticals, petroleum and cement manufacturing. (www. iiwb. org) Croatia holds the 44th places as a major import EU27 partner with 0. 3% of the total EU27 imports. On the side of exports, Croatia is on the 22nd places with 1. 1% of the total exports. However, as in the case of the rest Western Balkan countries, EU27 is the biggest and most important trade partner. Croatia merchandise 65. 3% of the total goods and services from EU27, and sells 65. 8% of total goods and services to EU27. IMF (DoTS), EuroStat(Comext, Statistical Regime 4)) 6. 3 ALBANIA Albania is a country with a population of 3. 2millions of inhabitants. With a current GDP of 8. 8billions of â‚ ¬, GDP per capita of 2,769. 8â‚ ¬, inflation rate of 3. 4% and real growth of 6. 8%, the situation is getting better over the years. (World Bank (WDI), IMF (WEO), DG Trade) As in the rest of the WB, the main creator of GDP is the service sector with 55. 7%, and the rest is divided almost equally between industry and agriculture. (World Bank (World Development Indicator)) 6. 3. 1 Trade in goods between Albania and EU27Trade in goods between Albania and EU27 is slightly, but constantly increasing, as shown in the figure. However, the dominant products in EU27 imports are textile and clothing, and inconsiderable, energy and agricultural products. Exports of goods from EU27 to Albania are consisted of almost everything starting from machinery, agricultural products, textile and clothing, chemicals and transport equipment. (EuroStat, Statistical Regime 4) Moreover, Albanian’s exports are almost 90% natural resource intensive products, which is main obstacle to sustainable growth of exports. An Agenda for Trade and Growth, WB integration in the EU) In accordance with the Preferential Agreements for WB, there are certain exceptions for Albania: * â€Å"Imports into the Community of ‘baby-beef’ products defined originating in Albania do not benefit from a tariff concession† * â€Å"Imports of sugar products under heading Nos 1701 and 1 702 of the Combined Nomenclature originating in Albania are subject to the following annual duty-free tariff quotas:1 000 tonnes (net weight) for sugar products originating in Albania. † (WTO, Request for an extension.. . 6. 3. 2 Foreign Direct Investments in Albania In the FDI, Albania represents a unique case. The EU27 contribution to the overall FDI in Albania is 91%, but they come mainly from neighboring countries, where Italy and Greece are dominant with 48% and 43%, respectively. Less than 7% of total FDI is from the rest of EU27. The investments are made mostly in the commerce, industry and services with 60%, 17. 6% and 11. 5% respectively. (South-East Europe Review 1/2006) As it can be expected, Albania is not very important and competitive trading partner for EU27.It occupies only 0. 1% of total EU27 imports and 0. 2% of total EU27 exports. It takes the 79th place as a major import partner to EU27 and 59th place as a major export partner to EU27. On the other hand, EU27 is the dominant trade partner for Albania that covers 70. 3% of the total trade. Albania presents an extreme case where more than 53% of the trade to EU27 is directed to Italy and Greece. (IMF (DoTS), EuroStat(Comext, Statistical Regime 4)) 6. 4 MONTENEGRO When it comes to Montenegro, main economic indicators show that there is population of 0. millions of inhabitants, GDP is 3. 3 billions of â‚ ¬, GDP per capita 4. 877 â‚ ¬ and the real GDP growth is 7. 5%. The rate of inflation is 9. 0% and the current account balanced is -31. 0% of GDP. GDP by sector is consisted from 74. 6% of services, 17. 6% of industry and 7. 8 % of agriculture. (World Bank (World Development Indicator)) 6. 4. 1 Trade in goods between Montenegro and EU27 Figures show that exports of EU27 to Montenegro are increasing in last years. On this side, mostly dominates machinery and transport equipment, agriculture and other semi manufactures.What first comes to eyes is the fact that Montenegro highly imports machinery which is a good leading point to technology enrichment and development of production processes. Transport equipment also helps growth and development and its import share is quite high. On the import side, we see that Eu27 is not importing so much form Montenegro. Most of import goes on machinery, agricultural products and chemistry, while clothing and textile and transport equipment are really insignificant.Concerning the Preferential Agreements for WB, * â€Å"the customs duties applicable to imports into the Eu27 of ‘baby-beef’ products are reduced to 20% of the ad valorem duty and 20% of the specific duty as laid down in the Common Customs Tariff, with restrictions of scarce weight, what is said in the quota: 975 tones (carcase weight) for ‘baby-beef’ products originating in the customs territories of Montenegroâ€Å" * â€Å"imports of sugar products originating in Montenegro are also subject to the following annual duty-free tariff quota: 180 000 tones (net weight) for sugar products originating in the customs territories of Montenegroâ€Å" * â€Å"exemption from customs duties is limited to the Community annual quantities set out in regulation for textile products originating in Montenegroâ€Å" * â€Å"certain fishery products and wine, the customs duties applicable to imports into the Eu27 should be suspended during the periods, within the limits of the Eu27 tariff quotas and under the specific conditionsâ€Å" (WTO, Request for an extension†¦ ) 6. 4.2 Foreign Direct Investments in Montenegro Foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2008 reached $1. 23 billion, which was almost ten times higher than in 2004, and investment per capita in Montenegro is one of the highest in Europe. However, investment has slowed recently, in part as a result of the global economic crisis. According to preliminary data from the Montenegrin central bank, the amount of foreign investment in first quarter of 2009 was $279 million, which represents a decrease of 38% compared with the same period in 2008. In period from 2001 to September 2008, the most FDI in Montenegro were from Hungary 323,4 million Euros, Great Brittan 257,2 millions, Switzerland 227,4 millions, Caper 213,5 millions, Austria 199,2 millions , Slovenia 115,3 millions and Germany 112,7 millions of Euros. Central Bank of Montenegro) The share of total EU27 exports in Montenegro is 0. 1%, while the Montenegrin’s share of total EU27 imports is 0. 01%. (EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4)) Consisted this way, Montenegro holds the 86th place as major export partner and 109th place as major import partner to EU27. (EuroStat (Comext, Statistical Regime 4))6. 5 SERBIA Serbia has 7,4 millions of inhibitions, current GDP 34,0 billions of â‚ ¬ , 4. 611,0 â‚ ¬ GDP per capita, real GDP growth 5,4%, inflation rate 11,7%, and negative current account -17,3%. GDP by sector is consisted from 61. 8% of services, 25. 5% of industry and 12. 7% of agriculture. (World Bank (World Development Indicator)) 6. 5. Trade in goods between Serbia and EU27 Graph# shows that EU27 exports to Serbia have increased in the last three years and, as we can see imports also went up. European Union exports to Serbia consists mostly machinery, transport equipment and chemistry, while energy, import agricultural products and textiles and clothing comparing to the first group are insignificant. As we see on graph, the only one group of products that EU27 more import in, than export to Serbia are agricultural products. Trade balance for machinery goods is much higher than other, what is telling us that European Union is exporting much more than importing from Serbia. How to cite Bilateral Trade Between Eu and Western Balkan, Papers

Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace Essay Example Essay Example

Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace? Essay Example Paper Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace Essay Introduction I believe the symptoms that caused the Imperial Foods Products Plant Fire in 1991 were, in a nutshell, apathy and indifference. While each and every business is now required to meet certain safety standards and OSHA standards, on a day-to-day basis, those safety precautions seem to go by the wayside when the monotony of the workplace steps in. While both the employees and the administration of Imperial Foods knew that precautions needed to be taken, they had both become lax in the enforcement of those precautions. While the management certainly knew it was a fire hazard to keep the doors locked, they obviously felt it was more important to prevent employee theft than ensure employee safety. Additionally, the employees, who certainly knew that the doors were not supposed to be locked, had obviously grown apathetic about their own safety, and had not come forward and demanded the safety in their workplace they were entitled to. The delivery truck was likely an â€Å"I know I’m not supposed to park here, but it will only be a few minutes—what could it hurt?† on the part of all parties. To an extent, each employee and employer are guilty of this attitude on a daily basis. We know we’re not supposed to climb a rickety ladder to reach the light bulbs residing on the unreachable shelf in the supply closet, or that we are not supposed to pick up a heavy box without proper support devices in place. However, when the situation arises, we are very likely to think, â€Å"Oh, what could it hurt—just this once?† It is this underlying attitude that can potentially cause serious, even fatal accidents in the workplace. We become indifferent to our surroundings after a period of time, and our subconscious mind feels that our employers are protecting our safety anyhow, so why should we be so diligent in our efforts? Apathy sets in, and accidents occur. Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace? Essay Body Paragraphs In the specific case of the Imperial Products Fire, the cause of the fire was the ignition of hydraulic oil from a ruptured container just a few feet from a natural-gas cooker. Subsequently additional OSHA violations were uncovered such as: locked doors, no marking of exits or non-exits, excessive travel distance to exits, no fire alarms, obstructed doors, no emergency action plan or fire prevention plan, and no automatic fire suppression plan. (U.S. 2006). While management is generally diligent about the initial setup of safety precautions in the workplace, over time those precautions are not implemented so strictly. Generally in order to start a business safety requirements must be proven and met. In this case, it appears that the exits were never marked—perhaps it was assumed that every employee obviously knew how to exit the building. Additionally, the fact that the exits were excessively far and there were no fire alarms or emergency plans tends to leave us with the inesc apable fact that Imperial never set up safety precautions, even in the startup phase of their business. Imperial seemed very lax in the issue of safety for their employees, and by the same token, the employees seemed lax in not bringing certain issues to management’s attention. It is typical in most businesses that management is not in the day-to-day actual running of the company, therefore perhaps does not see firsthand the potential safety problems. On the other hand, employees can be afraid to bring such issues to the attention of management for fear of losing their job. They may decide it’s better to take their chances on safety issues rather than create conflict at work—the place where they spend at least one third of their lives. One course of action for limiting the apathy of both employees and employers would be the â€Å"shock treatment,† or a mandatory viewing of a video about workplace hazards, or perhaps mandatory attendance at a speech given by a safety expert on a regular basis—maybe once every 30-60 days. Additionally, there should be a meeting with management and employees on a weekly basis in which both sides hear suggestions from the other—keeping an open mind. These meetings need to be limited in time and not combative, but rather with the spirit of helping both sides to work more efficiently and safely. Management will obviously have to find a way to make this appealing in some way to the employees—perhaps they can provide snacks and early release from work on the day of the required safety training, and some kind of reward for innovative ideas from employees on safety issues. The advantages of the â€Å"shock video† are that it keeps the fact that tragic accidents can and do happen uppermost in the minds of the management and employees. On the other hand, after a certain point, employees may begin tuning out the videos and speeches, believing they already know all the safety hazards i nvolved. The advantages to weekly meetings where ideas are shared between management and employees is that the two parties begin to know one another in a more personal way, and the issues of safety become more real when they involve someone you actually know. The disadvantage is that meetings like this can turn into a â€Å"gripe fest,† rather than a productive time between employees and employers. Employees tend to believe that management doesn’t really have a clue what goes on daily, while management is responsible for the â€Å"bottom line,† and often feel that employees are lax and lazy. In the case of Imperial, management obviously felt that the employee stealing was a greater issue than employee safety, and it would be interesting to find out what led to that belief. Ultimately, I think a comprehensive program which implements some video, some lectures, plenty of safety posters and literature in the workplace, weekly meetings and incentives for safety impl ementation are the best way to ensure workplace safety. Incentives could be that each month the employee who had exhibited the most safety precautions and followed safety rules closely would be rewarded by a day off, or a monetary reward. This incentive from the employers might make the employees much more diligent about following safety precautions and keeping an eye out for new hazards. Considering the opening quotation regarding the tragedy of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, I would doubt that the families of those who were killed in the fire felt that their loved ones were â€Å"martyrs,† but rather victims. Consider that â€Å"at the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use it.† (Triangle, 2005). Additionally, when the fire engines made it to the scene, they found that the water streams from their hoses could only reach the 7th floor. Girls from the 9th floor flung themselves from the window, and their tarps were callously covered with tarps as they hit the ground. While we would certainly like to believe that â€Å"new concepts of social responsibility and labor legislation† came from this tragedy, the fact that in 1991 twenty five workers were killed in the Imperial Fire would certainly make one wonder. While OSHA standards are certainly in place, the reality is that many times before the arrival of an OSHA employee, both employers and employees scramble to meet the OSHA requirements in order not to be written up for deficiencies. However, the moment the OSHA employee walks out the door, safety precautions once more become lax. Since these inspections by OSHA are few and far between, it becomes way too easy to only implement safety precautions when it is necessary to get a clean report from OSHA. I believe that the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire certainly created awareness of the problem, and led to the inception of more saf ety precautions in the workplace, but even more I think it was a human issue, a social issue that grabbed the very hearts of Americans when they realized that these low-paid female workers, many of them barely out of their teens, had been working in such hazardous conditions. A state inspection of Imperial Foods might have changed the outcome in this situation because Imperial was lacking many of the very basic safety precautions. If they had been inspected they would certainly have been ordered to keep the doors unlocked, and they would have been forced to find an alternative to employee theft besides hazardous locked doors. They would have been forced to mark all exits as well as install fire alarms and deal with the obstructions in front of exit doors. If all these issues had been addressed, this is a tragedy that could reasonably have been averted. I believe that the fines imposed by OSHA need to be so substantial that they make an indelible impression on the company. Money is t he one area that speaks to management loudly, and if Imperial had been heavily fined for their workplace hazards before the fire took place, it is likely all would have been corrected and the fire would not have occurred. The safety issues at Imperial were willful and deliberate, and the penalties should certainly have been very stiff. Many safety hazards at other companies, however, are not so willful or deliberate, but rather a result of lax enforcement and a feeling that â€Å"it won’t happen to us.† While to the employer or owners of businesses, OSHA fines could be devastating, on the other hand it makes them much more aware of safety issues and much more likely to ensure their employee’s safety. I believe that the states should, in addition to OSHA, have their own safety requirements and their own safety inspectors. As stated above, OSHA visits are relatively infrequent, leading businesses to grow lax. The individual states need to work closely with OSHA, b ut have much more frequent inspections—at least some of them unannounced. I believe this could make a real difference in the safety of workplaces. If you never knew when an inspector was going to walk in the door, safety precautions would become, by necessity, a daily issue, and not one to be taken lightly. Reference Page Author(s) (Year of Publication). Name of Text, Publishing Company. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (2005). Leap for Life, Leap of Death. . Retrieved August 30, 2006 from: =http://www.csun.edu?~ghy7463/mw2.html data-wpel-link=external rel=nofollow>http://www.csun.edu?~ghy7463/mw2.html U.S. Department of Labor, (2006). Fire Safety. Retrieved August 30, 2006 from: =://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/poultry/general_hazards/firesafety.html data-wpel-link=external rel=nofollow> http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/poultry/general_hazards/firesafety.html We will write a custom essay sample on Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace? Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whose Responsibility is Safety is the Workplace? 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